Source code for cherrypy.lib.cptools

"""Functions for builtin CherryPy tools."""

import logging
import re
from hashlib import md5
import urllib.parse

import cherrypy
from cherrypy._cpcompat import text_or_bytes
from cherrypy.lib import httputil as _httputil
from cherrypy.lib import is_iterator


#                     Conditional HTTP request support                     #



def validate_etags(autotags=False, debug=False):
    """Validate the current ETag against If-Match, If-None-Match headers.

    If autotags is True, an ETag response-header value will be provided
    from an MD5 hash of the response body (unless some other code has
    already provided an ETag header). If False (the default), the ETag
    will not be automatic.

    WARNING: the autotags feature is not designed for URL's which allow
    methods other than GET. For example, if a POST to the same URL returns
    no content, the automatic ETag will be incorrect, breaking a fundamental
    use for entity tags in a possibly destructive fashion. Likewise, if you
    raise 304 Not Modified, the response body will be empty, the ETag hash
    will be incorrect, and your application will break.
    See :rfc:`2616` Section 14.24.
    """
    response = cherrypy.serving.response

    # Guard against being run twice.
    if hasattr(response, 'ETag'):
        return

    status, reason, msg = _httputil.valid_status(response.status)

    etag = response.headers.get('ETag')

    # Automatic ETag generation. See warning in docstring.
    if etag:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('ETag already set: %s' % etag, 'TOOLS.ETAGS')
    elif not autotags:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Autotags off', 'TOOLS.ETAGS')
    elif status != 200:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Status not 200', 'TOOLS.ETAGS')
    else:
        etag = response.collapse_body()
        etag = '"%s"' % md5(etag).hexdigest()
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Setting ETag: %s' % etag, 'TOOLS.ETAGS')
        response.headers['ETag'] = etag

    response.ETag = etag

    # "If the request would, without the If-Match header field, result in
    # anything other than a 2xx or 412 status, then the If-Match header
    # MUST be ignored."
    if debug:
        cherrypy.log('Status: %s' % status, 'TOOLS.ETAGS')
    if status >= 200 and status <= 299:
        request = cherrypy.serving.request

        conditions = request.headers.elements('If-Match') or []
        conditions = [str(x) for x in conditions]
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('If-Match conditions: %s' % repr(conditions),
                         'TOOLS.ETAGS')
        if conditions and not (conditions == ['*'] or etag in conditions):
            raise cherrypy.HTTPError(412, 'If-Match failed: ETag %r did '
                                     'not match %r' % (etag, conditions))

        conditions = request.headers.elements('If-None-Match') or []
        conditions = [str(x) for x in conditions]
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('If-None-Match conditions: %s' % repr(conditions),
                         'TOOLS.ETAGS')
        if conditions == ['*'] or etag in conditions:
            if debug:
                cherrypy.log('request.method: %s' %
                             request.method, 'TOOLS.ETAGS')
            if request.method in ('GET', 'HEAD'):
                raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect([], 304)
            else:
                raise cherrypy.HTTPError(412, 'If-None-Match failed: ETag %r '
                                         'matched %r' % (etag, conditions))





def validate_since():
    """Validate the current Last-Modified against If-Modified-Since headers.

    If no code has set the Last-Modified response header, then no
    validation will be performed.
    """
    response = cherrypy.serving.response
    lastmod = response.headers.get('Last-Modified')
    if lastmod:
        status, reason, msg = _httputil.valid_status(response.status)

        request = cherrypy.serving.request

        since = request.headers.get('If-Unmodified-Since')
        if since and since != lastmod:
            if (status >= 200 and status <= 299) or status == 412:
                raise cherrypy.HTTPError(412)

        since = request.headers.get('If-Modified-Since')
        if since and since == lastmod:
            if (status >= 200 and status <= 299) or status == 304:
                if request.method in ('GET', 'HEAD'):
                    raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect([], 304)
                else:
                    raise cherrypy.HTTPError(412)



#                                Tool code                                #



def allow(methods=None, debug=False):
    """Raise 405 if request.method not in methods (default ['GET', 'HEAD']).

    The given methods are case-insensitive, and may be in any order. If
    only one method is allowed, you may supply a single string; if more
    than one, supply a list of strings.

    Regardless of whether the current method is allowed or not, this
    also emits an 'Allow' response header, containing the given methods.
    """
    if not isinstance(methods, (tuple, list)):
        methods = [methods]
    methods = [m.upper() for m in methods if m]
    if not methods:
        methods = ['GET', 'HEAD']
    elif 'GET' in methods and 'HEAD' not in methods:
        methods.append('HEAD')

    cherrypy.response.headers['Allow'] = ', '.join(methods)
    if cherrypy.request.method not in methods:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('request.method %r not in methods %r' %
                         (cherrypy.request.method, methods), 'TOOLS.ALLOW')
        raise cherrypy.HTTPError(405)
    else:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('request.method %r in methods %r' %
                         (cherrypy.request.method, methods), 'TOOLS.ALLOW')





def proxy(base=None, local='X-Forwarded-Host', remote='X-Forwarded-For',
          scheme='X-Forwarded-Proto', debug=False):
    """Change the base URL (scheme://host[:port][/path]).

    For running a CP server behind Apache, lighttpd, or other HTTP
    server.

    For Apache and lighttpd, you should leave the 'local' argument at
    the default value of 'X-Forwarded-Host'. For Squid, you probably
    want to set tools.proxy.local = 'Origin'.

    If you want the new request.base to include path info (not just the
    host), you must explicitly set base to the full base path, and ALSO
    set 'local' to '', so that the X-Forwarded-Host request header
    (which never includes path info) does not override it. Regardless,
    the value for 'base' MUST NOT end in a slash.

    cherrypy.request.remote.ip (the IP address of the client) will be
    rewritten if the header specified by the 'remote' arg is valid. By
    default, 'remote' is set to 'X-Forwarded-For'. If you do not want to
    rewrite remote.ip, set the 'remote' arg to an empty string.
    """
    request = cherrypy.serving.request

    if scheme:
        s = request.headers.get(scheme, None)
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Testing scheme %r:%r' % (scheme, s), 'TOOLS.PROXY')
        if s == 'on' and 'ssl' in scheme.lower():
            # This handles e.g. webfaction's 'X-Forwarded-Ssl: on' header
            scheme = 'https'
        else:
            # This is for lighttpd/pound/Mongrel's 'X-Forwarded-Proto: https'
            scheme = s
    if not scheme:
        scheme = request.base[:request.base.find('://')]

    if local:
        lbase = request.headers.get(local, None)
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Testing local %r:%r' % (local, lbase), 'TOOLS.PROXY')
        if lbase is not None:
            base = lbase.split(',')[0]
    if not base:
        default = urllib.parse.urlparse(request.base).netloc
        base = request.headers.get('Host', default)

    if base.find('://') == -1:
        # add http:// or https:// if needed
        base = scheme + '://' + base

    request.base = base

    if remote:
        xff = request.headers.get(remote)
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Testing remote %r:%r' % (remote, xff), 'TOOLS.PROXY')
        if xff:
            if remote == 'X-Forwarded-For':
                # Grab the first IP in a comma-separated list. Ref #1268.
                xff = next(ip.strip() for ip in xff.split(','))
            request.remote.ip = xff





def ignore_headers(headers=('Range',), debug=False):
    """Delete request headers whose field names are included in 'headers'.

    This is a useful tool for working behind certain HTTP servers; for
    example, Apache duplicates the work that CP does for 'Range'
    headers, and will doubly-truncate the response.
    """
    request = cherrypy.serving.request
    for name in headers:
        if name in request.headers:
            if debug:
                cherrypy.log('Ignoring request header %r' % name,
                             'TOOLS.IGNORE_HEADERS')
            del request.headers[name]





def response_headers(headers=None, debug=False):
    """Set headers on the response."""
    if debug:
        cherrypy.log('Setting response headers: %s' % repr(headers),
                     'TOOLS.RESPONSE_HEADERS')
    for name, value in (headers or []):
        cherrypy.serving.response.headers[name] = value



response_headers.failsafe = True




def referer(pattern, accept=True, accept_missing=False, error=403,
            message='Forbidden Referer header.', debug=False):
    """Raise HTTPError if Referer header does/does not match the given pattern.

    pattern
        A regular expression pattern to test against the Referer.

    accept
        If True, the Referer must match the pattern; if False,
        the Referer must NOT match the pattern.

    accept_missing
        If True, permit requests with no Referer header.

    error
        The HTTP error code to return to the client on failure.

    message
        A string to include in the response body on failure.

    """
    try:
        ref = cherrypy.serving.request.headers['Referer']
        match = bool(re.match(pattern, ref))
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Referer %r matches %r' % (ref, pattern),
                         'TOOLS.REFERER')
        if accept == match:
            return
    except KeyError:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('No Referer header', 'TOOLS.REFERER')
        if accept_missing:
            return

    raise cherrypy.HTTPError(error, message)





class SessionAuth(object):
    """Assert that the user is logged in."""

    session_key = 'username'
    debug = False



    def check_username_and_password(self, username, password):
        """Assert the login credentials.

        :param username: A user name sent from the login form.
        :type username: str
        :param password: A pass word sent from the login form.
        :type password: str

        :returns: A non-empty error string if the authentication fails.
        :rtype: str
        """




    def anonymous(self):
        """Provide a temporary user name for anonymous users."""
        pass




    def on_login(self, username):
        """Process a successful login event.

        :param username: The logged in user name.
        :type username: str
        """




    def on_logout(self, username):
        """Process a successful logout event.

        :param username: The logged out user name.
        :type username: str
        """




    def on_check(self, username):
        """Process a successful check event.

        :param username: The checked user name.
        :type username: str
        """




    def login_screen(self, from_page='..', username='', error_msg='',
                     **kwargs):
        """Render the login HTML page."""
        return (str("""<html><body>
Message: %(error_msg)s
<form method="post" action="do_login">
    Login: <input type="text" name="username" value="%(username)s" size="10" />
    <br />
    Password: <input type="password" name="password" size="10" />
    <br />
    <input type="hidden" name="from_page" value="%(from_page)s" />
    <br />
    <input type="submit" />
</form>
</body></html>""") % vars()).encode('utf-8')




    def do_login(self, username, password, from_page='..', **kwargs):
        """Login.

        May raise redirect, or return True if request handled.
        """
        response = cherrypy.serving.response
        error_msg = self.check_username_and_password(username, password)
        if error_msg:
            body = self.login_screen(from_page, username, error_msg)
            response.body = body
            if 'Content-Length' in response.headers:
                # Delete Content-Length header so finalize() recalcs it.
                del response.headers['Content-Length']
            return True
        else:
            cherrypy.serving.request.login = username
            cherrypy.session[self.session_key] = username
            self.on_login(username)
            raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(from_page or '/')




    def do_logout(self, from_page='..', **kwargs):
        """Logout.

        May raise redirect, or return True if request handled.
        """
        sess = cherrypy.session
        username = sess.get(self.session_key)
        sess[self.session_key] = None
        if username:
            cherrypy.serving.request.login = None
            self.on_logout(username)
        raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(from_page)




    def do_check(self):
        """Assert username.

        Raise redirect, or return True if request handled.
        """
        sess = cherrypy.session
        request = cherrypy.serving.request
        response = cherrypy.serving.response

        username = sess.get(self.session_key)
        if not username:
            sess[self.session_key] = username = self.anonymous()
            self._debug_message('No session[username], trying anonymous')
        if not username:
            url = cherrypy.url(qs=request.query_string)
            self._debug_message(
                'No username, routing to login_screen with from_page %(url)r',
                locals(),
            )
            response.body = self.login_screen(url)
            if 'Content-Length' in response.headers:
                # Delete Content-Length header so finalize() recalcs it.
                del response.headers['Content-Length']
            return True
        self._debug_message('Setting request.login to %(username)r', locals())
        request.login = username
        self.on_check(username)




    def _debug_message(self, template, context={}):
        if not self.debug:
            return
        cherrypy.log(template % context, 'TOOLS.SESSAUTH')




    def run(self):
        """Perform session authentication."""
        request = cherrypy.serving.request
        response = cherrypy.serving.response

        path = request.path_info
        if path.endswith('login_screen'):
            self._debug_message('routing %(path)r to login_screen', locals())
            response.body = self.login_screen()
            return True
        elif path.endswith('do_login'):
            if request.method != 'POST':
                response.headers['Allow'] = 'POST'
                self._debug_message('do_login requires POST')
                raise cherrypy.HTTPError(405)
            self._debug_message('routing %(path)r to do_login', locals())
            return self.do_login(**request.params)
        elif path.endswith('do_logout'):
            if request.method != 'POST':
                response.headers['Allow'] = 'POST'
                raise cherrypy.HTTPError(405)
            self._debug_message('routing %(path)r to do_logout', locals())
            return self.do_logout(**request.params)
        else:
            self._debug_message('No special path, running do_check')
            return self.do_check()






def session_auth(**kwargs):
    """Session authentication hook.

    Any attribute of the SessionAuth class may be overridden
    via a keyword arg to this function:
    """ + '\n' + '\n    '.join(
        '{!s}: {!s}'.format(k, type(getattr(SessionAuth, k)).__name__)
        for k in dir(SessionAuth)
        if not k.startswith('__')
    )
    sa = SessionAuth()
    for k, v in kwargs.items():
        setattr(sa, k, v)
    return sa.run()





def log_traceback(severity=logging.ERROR, debug=False):
    """Write the last error's traceback to the cherrypy error log."""
    cherrypy.log('', 'HTTP', severity=severity, traceback=True)





def log_request_headers(debug=False):
    """Write request headers to the cherrypy error log."""
    h = ['  %s: %s' % (k, v) for k, v in cherrypy.serving.request.header_list]
    cherrypy.log('\nRequest Headers:\n' + '\n'.join(h), 'HTTP')





def log_hooks(debug=False):
    """Write request.hooks to the cherrypy error log."""
    request = cherrypy.serving.request

    msg = []
    # Sort by the standard points if possible.
    from cherrypy import _cprequest
    points = _cprequest.hookpoints
    for k in request.hooks.keys():
        if k not in points:
            points.append(k)

    for k in points:
        msg.append('    %s:' % k)
        v = request.hooks.get(k, [])
        v.sort()
        for h in v:
            msg.append('        %r' % h)
    cherrypy.log('\nRequest Hooks for ' + cherrypy.url() +
                 ':\n' + '\n'.join(msg), 'HTTP')





def redirect(url='', internal=True, debug=False):
    """Raise InternalRedirect or HTTPRedirect to the given url."""
    if debug:
        cherrypy.log('Redirecting %sto: %s' %
                     ({True: 'internal ', False: ''}[internal], url),
                     'TOOLS.REDIRECT')
    if internal:
        raise cherrypy.InternalRedirect(url)
    else:
        raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(url)





def trailing_slash(missing=True, extra=False, status=None, debug=False):
    """Redirect if path_info has (missing|extra) trailing slash."""
    request = cherrypy.serving.request
    pi = request.path_info

    if debug:
        cherrypy.log('is_index: %r, missing: %r, extra: %r, path_info: %r' %
                     (request.is_index, missing, extra, pi),
                     'TOOLS.TRAILING_SLASH')
    if request.is_index is True:
        if missing:
            if not pi.endswith('/'):
                new_url = cherrypy.url(pi + '/', request.query_string)
                raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(new_url, status=status or 301)
    elif request.is_index is False:
        if extra:
            # If pi == '/', don't redirect to ''!
            if pi.endswith('/') and pi != '/':
                new_url = cherrypy.url(pi[:-1], request.query_string)
                raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(new_url, status=status or 301)





def flatten(debug=False):
    """Wrap response.body in a generator that recursively iterates over body.

    This allows cherrypy.response.body to consist of 'nested
    generators'; that is, a set of generators that yield generators.
    """
    def flattener(input):
        numchunks = 0
        for x in input:
            if not is_iterator(x):
                numchunks += 1
                yield x
            else:
                for y in flattener(x):
                    numchunks += 1
                    yield y
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Flattened %d chunks' % numchunks, 'TOOLS.FLATTEN')
    response = cherrypy.serving.response
    response.body = flattener(response.body)





def accept(media=None, debug=False):
    """Return the client's preferred media-type (from the given Content-Types).

    If 'media' is None (the default), no test will be performed.

    If 'media' is provided, it should be the Content-Type value (as a string)
    or values (as a list or tuple of strings) which the current resource
    can emit. The client's acceptable media ranges (as declared in the
    Accept request header) will be matched in order to these Content-Type
    values; the first such string is returned. That is, the return value
    will always be one of the strings provided in the 'media' arg (or None
    if 'media' is None).

    If no match is found, then HTTPError 406 (Not Acceptable) is raised.
    Note that most web browsers send */* as a (low-quality) acceptable
    media range, which should match any Content-Type. In addition, "...if
    no Accept header field is present, then it is assumed that the client
    accepts all media types."

    Matching types are checked in order of client preference first,
    and then in the order of the given 'media' values.

    Note that this function does not honor accept-params (other than "q").
    """
    if not media:
        return
    if isinstance(media, text_or_bytes):
        media = [media]
    request = cherrypy.serving.request

    # Parse the Accept request header, and try to match one
    # of the requested media-ranges (in order of preference).
    ranges = request.headers.elements('Accept')
    if not ranges:
        # Any media type is acceptable.
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('No Accept header elements', 'TOOLS.ACCEPT')
        return media[0]
    else:
        # Note that 'ranges' is sorted in order of preference
        for element in ranges:
            if element.qvalue > 0:
                if element.value == '*/*':
                    # Matches any type or subtype
                    if debug:
                        cherrypy.log('Match due to */*', 'TOOLS.ACCEPT')
                    return media[0]
                elif element.value.endswith('/*'):
                    # Matches any subtype
                    mtype = element.value[:-1]  # Keep the slash
                    for m in media:
                        if m.startswith(mtype):
                            if debug:
                                cherrypy.log('Match due to %s' % element.value,
                                             'TOOLS.ACCEPT')
                            return m
                else:
                    # Matches exact value
                    if element.value in media:
                        if debug:
                            cherrypy.log('Match due to %s' % element.value,
                                         'TOOLS.ACCEPT')
                        return element.value

    # No suitable media-range found.
    ah = request.headers.get('Accept')
    if ah is None:
        msg = 'Your client did not send an Accept header.'
    else:
        msg = 'Your client sent this Accept header: %s.' % ah
    msg += (' But this resource only emits these media types: %s.' %
            ', '.join(media))
    raise cherrypy.HTTPError(406, msg)





class MonitoredHeaderMap(_httputil.HeaderMap):
    """An access-tracked HTTP header mapping."""



    def transform_key(self, key):
        """Normalize and track an HTTP header name."""
        self.accessed_headers.add(key)
        return super(MonitoredHeaderMap, self).transform_key(key)


    def __init__(self):
        """Initialize a monitored HTTP header mapping."""
        self.accessed_headers = set()
        super(MonitoredHeaderMap, self).__init__()





def autovary(ignore=None, debug=False):
    """Populate ``Vary`` response header based on ``request.header`` access."""
    request = cherrypy.serving.request

    req_h = request.headers
    request.headers = MonitoredHeaderMap()
    request.headers.update(req_h)
    if ignore is None:
        ignore = set(['Content-Disposition', 'Content-Length', 'Content-Type'])

    def set_response_header():
        resp_h = cherrypy.serving.response.headers
        v = set([e.value for e in resp_h.elements('Vary')])
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log(
                'Accessed headers: %s' % request.headers.accessed_headers,
                'TOOLS.AUTOVARY')
        v = v.union(request.headers.accessed_headers)
        v = v.difference(ignore)
        v = list(v)
        v.sort()
        resp_h['Vary'] = ', '.join(v)
    request.hooks.attach('before_finalize', set_response_header, 95)





def convert_params(exception=ValueError, error=400):
    """Convert request params based on function annotations.

    This function also processes errors that are subclasses of ``exception``.

    :param BaseException exception: Exception class to catch.
    :type exception: BaseException

    :param error: The HTTP status code to return to the client on failure.
    :type error: int
    """
    request = cherrypy.serving.request
    types = request.handler.callable.__annotations__
    with cherrypy.HTTPError.handle(exception, error):
        for key in set(types).intersection(request.params):
            request.params[key] = types[key](request.params[key])