"""WSGI interface (see PEP 333 and 3333).
Note that WSGI environ keys and values are 'native strings'; that is,
whatever the type of "" is. For Python 2, that's a byte string; for
Python 3, it's a unicode string. But PEP 3333 says: "even if Python's
str type is actually Unicode "under the hood", the content of native
strings must still be translatable to bytes via the Latin-1 encoding!"
"""
import sys as _sys
import io
import cherrypy as _cherrypy
from cherrypy._cpcompat import ntou
from cherrypy import _cperror
from cherrypy.lib import httputil
from cherrypy.lib import is_closable_iterator
[docs]def downgrade_wsgi_ux_to_1x(environ):
"""Return a new environ dict for WSGI 1.x from the given WSGI u.x environ.
"""
env1x = {}
url_encoding = environ[ntou('wsgi.url_encoding')]
for k, v in environ.copy().items():
if k in [ntou('PATH_INFO'), ntou('SCRIPT_NAME'), ntou('QUERY_STRING')]:
v = v.encode(url_encoding)
elif isinstance(v, str):
v = v.encode('ISO-8859-1')
env1x[k.encode('ISO-8859-1')] = v
return env1x
[docs]class VirtualHost(object):
"""Select a different WSGI application based on the Host header.
This can be useful when running multiple sites within one CP server.
It allows several domains to point to different applications. For example::
root = Root()
RootApp = cherrypy.Application(root)
Domain2App = cherrypy.Application(root)
SecureApp = cherrypy.Application(Secure())
vhost = cherrypy._cpwsgi.VirtualHost(
RootApp,
domains={
'www.domain2.example': Domain2App,
'www.domain2.example:443': SecureApp,
},
)
cherrypy.tree.graft(vhost)
"""
default = None
"""Required.
The default WSGI application.
"""
use_x_forwarded_host = True
"""If True (the default), any "X-Forwarded-Host"
request header will be used instead of the "Host" header. This
is commonly added by HTTP servers (such as Apache) when proxying."""
domains = {}
"""A dict of {host header value: application} pairs.
The incoming "Host" request header is looked up in this dict, and,
if a match is found, the corresponding WSGI application will be
called instead of the default. Note that you often need separate
entries for "example.com" and "www.example.com". In addition, "Host"
headers may contain the port number.
"""
def __init__(self, default, domains=None, use_x_forwarded_host=True):
self.default = default
self.domains = domains or {}
self.use_x_forwarded_host = use_x_forwarded_host
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
domain = environ.get('HTTP_HOST', '')
if self.use_x_forwarded_host:
domain = environ.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST', domain)
nextapp = self.domains.get(domain)
if nextapp is None:
nextapp = self.default
return nextapp(environ, start_response)
[docs]class InternalRedirector(object):
"""WSGI middleware that handles raised cherrypy.InternalRedirect."""
def __init__(self, nextapp, recursive=False):
self.nextapp = nextapp
self.recursive = recursive
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
redirections = []
while True:
environ = environ.copy()
try:
return self.nextapp(environ, start_response)
except _cherrypy.InternalRedirect:
ir = _sys.exc_info()[1]
sn = environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '')
path = environ.get('PATH_INFO', '')
qs = environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')
# Add the *previous* path_info + qs to redirections.
old_uri = sn + path
if qs:
old_uri += '?' + qs
redirections.append(old_uri)
if not self.recursive:
# Check to see if the new URI has been redirected to
# already
new_uri = sn + ir.path
if ir.query_string:
new_uri += '?' + ir.query_string
if new_uri in redirections:
ir.request.close()
tmpl = (
'InternalRedirector visited the same URL twice: %r'
)
raise RuntimeError(tmpl % new_uri)
# Munge the environment and try again.
environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'GET'
environ['PATH_INFO'] = ir.path
environ['QUERY_STRING'] = ir.query_string
environ['wsgi.input'] = io.BytesIO()
environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = '0'
environ['cherrypy.previous_request'] = ir.request
[docs]class ExceptionTrapper(object):
"""WSGI middleware that traps exceptions."""
def __init__(self, nextapp, throws=(KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
self.nextapp = nextapp
self.throws = throws
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
return _TrappedResponse(
self.nextapp,
environ,
start_response,
self.throws
)
[docs]class _TrappedResponse(object):
response = iter([])
def __init__(self, nextapp, environ, start_response, throws):
self.nextapp = nextapp
self.environ = environ
self.start_response = start_response
self.throws = throws
self.started_response = False
self.response = self.trap(
self.nextapp, self.environ, self.start_response,
)
self.iter_response = iter(self.response)
def __iter__(self):
self.started_response = True
return self
def __next__(self):
return self.trap(next, self.iter_response)
[docs] def close(self):
if hasattr(self.response, 'close'):
self.response.close()
[docs] def trap(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except self.throws:
raise
except StopIteration:
raise
except Exception:
tb = _cperror.format_exc()
_cherrypy.log(tb, severity=40)
if not _cherrypy.request.show_tracebacks:
tb = ''
s, h, b = _cperror.bare_error(tb)
if True:
# What fun.
s = s.decode('ISO-8859-1')
h = [
(k.decode('ISO-8859-1'), v.decode('ISO-8859-1'))
for k, v in h
]
if self.started_response:
# Empty our iterable (so future calls raise StopIteration)
self.iter_response = iter([])
else:
self.iter_response = iter(b)
try:
self.start_response(s, h, _sys.exc_info())
except Exception:
# "The application must not trap any exceptions raised by
# start_response, if it called start_response with exc_info.
# Instead, it should allow such exceptions to propagate
# back to the server or gateway."
# But we still log and call close() to clean up ourselves.
_cherrypy.log(traceback=True, severity=40)
raise
if self.started_response:
return b''.join(b)
else:
return b
# WSGI-to-CP Adapter #
[docs]class AppResponse(object):
"""WSGI response iterable for CherryPy applications."""
def __init__(self, environ, start_response, cpapp):
self.cpapp = cpapp
try:
self.environ = environ
self.run()
r = _cherrypy.serving.response
outstatus = r.output_status
if not isinstance(outstatus, bytes):
raise TypeError('response.output_status is not a byte string.')
outheaders = []
for k, v in r.header_list:
if not isinstance(k, bytes):
tmpl = 'response.header_list key %r is not a byte string.'
raise TypeError(tmpl % k)
if not isinstance(v, bytes):
tmpl = (
'response.header_list value %r is not a byte string.'
)
raise TypeError(tmpl % v)
outheaders.append((k, v))
if True:
# According to PEP 3333, when using Python 3, the response
# status and headers must be bytes masquerading as unicode;
# that is, they must be of type "str" but are restricted to
# code points in the "latin-1" set.
outstatus = outstatus.decode('ISO-8859-1')
outheaders = [
(k.decode('ISO-8859-1'), v.decode('ISO-8859-1'))
for k, v in outheaders
]
self.iter_response = iter(r.body)
self.write = start_response(outstatus, outheaders)
except BaseException:
self.close()
raise
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
return next(self.iter_response)
[docs] def close(self):
"""Close and de-reference the current request and response.
(Core)
"""
streaming = _cherrypy.serving.response.stream
self.cpapp.release_serving()
# We avoid the expense of examining the iterator to see if it's
# closable unless we are streaming the response, as that's the
# only situation where we are going to have an iterator which
# may not have been exhausted yet.
if streaming and is_closable_iterator(self.iter_response):
iter_close = self.iter_response.close
try:
iter_close()
except Exception:
_cherrypy.log(traceback=True, severity=40)
[docs] def run(self):
"""Create a Request object using environ."""
env = self.environ.get
local = httputil.Host(
'',
int(env('SERVER_PORT', 80) or -1),
env('SERVER_NAME', ''),
)
remote = httputil.Host(
env('REMOTE_ADDR', ''),
int(env('REMOTE_PORT', -1) or -1),
env('REMOTE_HOST', ''),
)
scheme = env('wsgi.url_scheme')
sproto = env('ACTUAL_SERVER_PROTOCOL', 'HTTP/1.1')
request, resp = self.cpapp.get_serving(local, remote, scheme, sproto)
# LOGON_USER is served by IIS, and is the name of the
# user after having been mapped to a local account.
# Both IIS and Apache set REMOTE_USER, when possible.
request.login = env('LOGON_USER') or env('REMOTE_USER') or None
request.multithread = self.environ['wsgi.multithread']
request.multiprocess = self.environ['wsgi.multiprocess']
request.wsgi_environ = self.environ
request.prev = env('cherrypy.previous_request', None)
meth = self.environ['REQUEST_METHOD']
path = httputil.urljoin(
self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', ''),
self.environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''),
)
qs = self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')
path, qs = self.recode_path_qs(path, qs) or (path, qs)
rproto = self.environ.get('SERVER_PROTOCOL')
headers = self.translate_headers(self.environ)
rfile = self.environ['wsgi.input']
request.run(meth, path, qs, rproto, headers, rfile)
headerNames = {
'HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION': 'Authorization',
'CONTENT_LENGTH': 'Content-Length',
'CONTENT_TYPE': 'Content-Type',
'REMOTE_HOST': 'Remote-Host',
'REMOTE_ADDR': 'Remote-Addr',
}
[docs] def recode_path_qs(self, path, qs):
# This isn't perfect; if the given PATH_INFO is in the
# wrong encoding, it may fail to match the appropriate config
# section URI. But meh.
old_enc = self.environ.get('wsgi.url_encoding', 'ISO-8859-1')
new_enc = self.cpapp.find_config(
self.environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''),
'request.uri_encoding', 'utf-8',
)
if new_enc.lower() == old_enc.lower():
return
# Even though the path and qs are unicode, the WSGI server
# is required by PEP 3333 to coerce them to ISO-8859-1
# masquerading as unicode. So we have to encode back to
# bytes and then decode again using the "correct" encoding.
try:
return (
path.encode(old_enc).decode(new_enc),
qs.encode(old_enc).decode(new_enc),
)
except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
# Just pass them through without transcoding and hope.
pass
[docs]class CPWSGIApp(object):
"""A WSGI application object for a CherryPy Application."""
pipeline = [
('ExceptionTrapper', ExceptionTrapper),
('InternalRedirector', InternalRedirector),
]
"""A list of (name, wsgiapp) pairs.
Each 'wsgiapp' MUST be a constructor that takes an initial,
positional 'nextapp' argument, plus optional keyword arguments, and
returns a WSGI application (that takes environ and start_response
arguments). The 'name' can be any you choose, and will correspond to
keys in self.config.
"""
head = None
"""Rather than nest all apps in the pipeline on each call, it's only
done the first time, and the result is memoized into self.head. Set
this to None again if you change self.pipeline after calling self."""
config = {}
"""A dict whose keys match names listed in the pipeline.
Each value is a further dict which will be passed to the
corresponding named WSGI callable (from the pipeline) as keyword
arguments.
"""
response_class = AppResponse
"""The class to instantiate and return as the next app in the WSGI chain.
"""
def __init__(self, cpapp, pipeline=None):
self.cpapp = cpapp
self.pipeline = self.pipeline[:]
if pipeline:
self.pipeline.extend(pipeline)
self.config = self.config.copy()
[docs] def tail(self, environ, start_response):
"""WSGI application callable for the actual CherryPy application.
You probably shouldn't call this; call self.__call__ instead, so
that any WSGI middleware in self.pipeline can run first.
"""
return self.response_class(environ, start_response, self.cpapp)
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
head = self.head
if head is None:
# Create and nest the WSGI apps in our pipeline (in reverse order).
# Then memoize the result in self.head.
head = self.tail
for name, callable in self.pipeline[::-1]:
conf = self.config.get(name, {})
head = callable(head, **conf)
self.head = head
return head(environ, start_response)
[docs] def namespace_handler(self, k, v):
"""Config handler for the 'wsgi' namespace."""
if k == 'pipeline':
# Note this allows multiple 'wsgi.pipeline' config entries
# (but each entry will be processed in a 'random' order).
# It should also allow developers to set default middleware
# in code (passed to self.__init__) that deployers can add to
# (but not remove) via config.
self.pipeline.extend(v)
elif k == 'response_class':
self.response_class = v
else:
name, arg = k.split('.', 1)
bucket = self.config.setdefault(name, {})
bucket[arg] = v
